home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- MEDICINE, Page 71One Womb to Another
-
-
- A historic fetal-cell transplant may have saved a boy's life
-
-
- The French parents were distraught and desperate. Soon
- after their firstborn child died at seven months of a rare form
- of immune deficiency, they received more heartbreaking news.
- Their second baby, due in August of last year, was suffering
- from the same, nearly always fatal hereditary disorder, called
- bare lymphocyte syndrome. They could have aborted the child or
- allowed doctors to try the same kind of white-blood-cell
- transplant after birth that had failed with their firstborn. But
- the couple, who prefer to remain anonymous, chose a historic
- third option: to let their child receive the first ever
- transplant of human fetal cells to a child in the womb.
-
- The experiment took place without publicity last June, and
- was only recently described at a medical meeting in Paris. The
- operation was performed when the child, David, was a
- 30-week-old fetus. So far, the results have been remarkable.
- Though he has been confined since birth to a germ-free flexible
- plastic bubble in order to protect him from the outside world,
- David, now seven months old, appears to have an immune system
- that is on the mend. If all goes well, David could leave his
- sterile prison by summer's end. Though his survival is not
- assured, the experiment could help researchers develop ways to
- correct other inherited, and congenital, disorders through the
- transplantation of fetal cells.
-
- The unprecedented procedure was performed by two prominent
- physicians in Lyons: Dr. Jean-Louis Touraine, an immunologist
- at Edouard-Herriot Hospital, and Dr. Daniel Raudrant, an
- obstetrician at Hotel Dieu Hospital. The doctors wanted to treat
- David while he was still in his mother's womb because they
- thought if the procedure was done early, it would have better
- odds of succeeding. They took 7 cc of liquid, containing about
- 16 million immune cells from the liver and thymus of two aborted
- fetuses, and injected the material into David's umbilical cord.
- After he was born, David received an injection of more cells.
- Blood tests indicate that the transplanted cells have multiplied
- in David's liver, spleen and bone marrow -- signs that his
- immune system may become normal.
-
- His doctors remain cautious. "We're not out of the woods
- yet," said Raudrant. But the boy at least has a chance at a
- better fate than another immune-deficient David: the American
- "bubble boy" who spent nearly all his twelve years of life in
- isolation before he died in Houston in 1984.
-
- The use of aborted fetuses for medical purposes is a
- promising but highly controversial field. Doctors have
- transplanted fetal organs into infants and used fetal cells to
- treat Parkinson's disease in adults. Right-to-life advocates
- object strongly to such procedures unless the fetus comes from
- a mother who has had a miscarriage. But to David's parents, the
- issue was clear-cut: only aborted fetuses were available, and
- without the transplanted cells their boy would have had
- virtually no chance of survival.
-
-
-
-